Hospital ship Lanfranc torpedoed HMHS Lanfranc.
SS Lanfranc (1906,15) also HMHS Lanfranc (1915,17)
Namesake: Lanfranc of Canterbury
Owner: Booth Steamship Co
Builder: Caledon Shipbuilding & Engineering Company, Dundee
Launched: 18 October 1906. Maiden voyage: 18 February 1907.
Fate: Torpedoed and sunk, 17 April 1917
General characteristics
Tonnage: 6,287 Grt. Length: 418.5 ft(127.6 m), Beam: 52.3 ft (15.9 m),
Draught: 27.2 ft (8.3 m). Installed power: 850 NHP. Propulsion: triple expansion engine; twin screw. Speed: 12 knots (22 km/h)
HMHS Lanfranc was an ocean liner requisitioned as a hospital ship in the First World War. On 17 April 1917 she was torpedoed by the German U-boat SM UB-40.
Lanfranc was built by the Caledon Shipbuilding & Engineering Company for the Booth Steamship Company, which ran passenger services between Liverpool and Manaus, 1,000 miles (1,600 km) up the Amazon River. With the outbreak of war she was requisitioned as a hospital ship.
- Hospital Ship or Ambulance Transport Service during WW1.
- Medical Staff strength.
- Officers:5
- Nurses:10
- Other:
- Accommodation capacity.
- Officers:
- Cots:109
- Berths:249
- Period of Service as Hospital Ship or Ambulance Transport.
- Date From:6th October 1915
- Date To:17th April 1917
- Ships Crew details:
Sinking.
On the evening of 17 April the Lanfranc, while transporting wounded from Le Havre to Southampton, was torpedoed without warning. 22 British, including 2 officers, and 18 German other ranks were lost.
John Doran
Ambulance transport SS Donegal
SS Donegal was a Midland Railway passenger ferry that served in the First World War as an ambulance ship.
She was completed in 1904 and sunk by enemy action in April 1917.
Building and peacetime service.
In 1897,1903 the Midland Railway of England had Heysham Port on the coast of Lancashire built as a terminal for ferries to and from Ireland. In 1903 the Midland established its interest in Ireland by buying the Belfast and Northern Counties Railway.
In 1904 the Midland took delivery of a pair of new passenger ferries from Clydeside shipyards in Glasgow to work between Heysham and Belfast. They came from different builders but they were sister ships: Antrim built by John Brown & Company of Clydebank, and Donegal built by Caird & Company of Greenock.
Donegal had a triple-expansion steam engine rated at 386 NHP, giving her a speed of 13 knots (24 km/h). She and Antrim worked between Heysham and Belfast from 1904 until they were requisitioned for UK Government service in the First World War.
War service and loss.
Donegal was one of numerous ferries, many of them requisitioned from railway companies, that were converted into ambulance ships to carry wounded personnel from France back to Great Britain. Ambulance ships were classified as hospital ships under Hague Convention X of 1907 and as such were to be clearly marked and lit to make them easy to identify. Nevertheless in the First World War the Imperial German Navy attacked and sank a number of British hospital ships. The UK Government then announced it would cease marking hospital ships, alleging that German vessels had used their markings and lighting to target them.
- Hospital Ship or Ambulance Transport Service during WW1.
- Medical Staff strength. (Details not yet established)
- Officers:
- Nurses:
- Other:
- Accommodation capacity.
- Officers:
- Cots:
- Berths:
- Period of Service as Hospital Ship or Ambulance Transport.
- Date From:
- Date To:
- Ships Crew details:
On 1 March 1917 a German submarine tried to attack Donegal but the steamer managed to outrun her. Then on 17 April 1917 both Donegal and a larger ship, HMHS Lanfranc, were sunk by U-boats when carrying British wounded across the English Channel.
Donegal had sailed from Le Havre bound for Southampton carrying 610 lightly wounded soldiers and 70 crew. She had a Royal Navy escort. She was about 19 nautical miles (35 km) south of the Dean light vessel when the German Type UC II submarine SM UC-21 torpedoed her. She sank with the loss of 29 wounded British soldiers and 12 of her crew.
A Royal Naval Reserve Lieutenant, H Holehouse, jumped from his ship into the sea to recover one of Donegal's wounded soldiers from the water. The man did not recover, but the Royal Humane Society awarded Lieut. Holehouse its bronze medal.
Titanic connections.
Two of Donegal's crew, Archie Jewell and John Priest, had served on RMS Titanic and survived her sinking in April 1912. Jewell had been one of Titanic's lookouts (although not on watch when she struck the iceberg) and Priest had been one of her stokers. Priest had also been on the liner RMS Asturias when she foundered on her maiden voyage in 1907, and on RMS Olympic when she was damaged in a collision with HMS Hawke in 1911.
Priest then served on the armed merchant cruiser Alcantara when she and the German armed merchant cruiser SMS Greif sank each other in February 1916. Both Jewell and Priest then served on Titanic's White Star Line sister ship HMHS Britannic, and survived when she was sunk in November 1916. When Donegal sank, Priest survived yet again but Jewell was killed. In 1917 Priest was awarded the Mercantile Marine Ribbon for his service in the war.
John Doran